Culture and Social demographics in Canada
There is no denying the historical numerical dominance of those with British and French ancestry. The majority of Canadians were of British and French ancestry before the enormous surge of European immigration that occurred between 1896 and the start of World War I. For instance, the 1871 Census of Canada reveals that of the 3.5 million residents, 60% were of British and 30% were of French ancestry; only 7% of Europeans who were neither of British nor French ancestry made up Canada's population in 1871 or 1881. Up until the turn of the century, this demographic makeup mostly remained the same.
Before the First World War, Canada had a wave of immigration that started to raise the population of Europeans who were not of British or French descent. More than three million immigrants arrived in Canada between 1896 and 1914. Canada started welcoming immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe, such as Poles, Ukrainians, Hutterites, and Doukhobors, when the number of emigrants from England and Western Europe was running low. An additional two million immigrants arrived in Canada between 1915 and 1945, which was the time between the two world wars. In its broadest sense, Canadian culture is a fusion of British, French, and American elements. These influences coexist in every facet of cultural life, from writing and cinematography to food and athletics, and at times they even fight with one another. This blend has been enhanced by the unique contributions of other people. For instance, Canada's sizable immigrant population is evident in the exquisite and varied restaurants that line Toronto's Yonge Street, Vancouver's Chinese community has given that city a folk opera and puppetry tradition that rivals those found in China, and Italian is widely spoken in Montreal's coffeehouses, and Canada's Indigenous peoples are finding a growing voice through a wide range of fine and folk arts. Twenty years had passed since the Massey was released in 1971. Twenty years after the Massey Report's publication, in 1971, Canada made multiculturalism an official national policy. As a result, the federal government now supports various ethnic groups and offers assistance to people so they can fully participate in Canadian society.
Since the middle of the 20th century, economic expansion has given Canadians more resources for engaging in and appreciating the arts. Most provincial governments offer some kind of financial support to cultural institutions and the arts within their jurisdictions, and many of them have advisory and financing bodies for the arts. The Canada Council for the Arts, with its national headquarters in Ottawa, was founded in 1957. It is supported by an endowment, a yearly federal grant, contributions, and bequests. The Governor General's Literary Awards are given each year to works in the categories of fiction, nonfiction, poetry, drama, children's literature (text), and translation. Each year, one book is awarded in English and one in French.
People, Language, and Tradition in Canada
Although English speakers outnumber French speakers in Canada, both official languages are spoken there. More than 60 Aboriginal languages, from Inuit to Algonquin Cree, are spoken across the nation. According to 2011 data, Canada is home to the following number of languages: Officially recognized languages: English (58.7%), French (22%), Punjabi (1.4%), Italian (1.3%), Spanish (1.3%), German (1.3%), Cantonese (1.2%), Tagalog (1.2%), Arabic (1.1%), and other (10.5%).
Orthodox 1.6%, other Christian 6.3%, Muslim 3.2%, Hindu 1.5%, Sikh 1.4%, Buddhist 1.1%, Jewish 1%, other 0.6%, none 23.9%, Catholic 39% (including Roman Catholic 38.8% and other Catholic.2%), Protestant 20.3% (including United Church 6.1%, Anglican 5%, Baptist 1.9%, Lutheran 1.5%, Pentecostal 1.5%, Presbyterian 1.4%, and another Protestant 2.9%), Buddhist 1.1%, Hindu 1.5%, Sikh 1.4%.
Social Demography
The ethnic diversity of Canada's population is reflected in the fact that its residents come from a wide range of nations and cultural traditions. In Canada, one common way to illustrate cultural diversity is to express it in terms of the number of people who do not belong to the two charter groups. The Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism used this approach in the 1960s and developed the phrase "Third Force" to describe Canadians who were not of British or French descent (Canada, Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, 1965. The Royal Commission emphasized in its final report that Canada was a mosaic, or a heterogeneous society, composed of three fundamental groups: the British, the French, and other Canadians. The Royal Commission acknowledged the efforts of various non-charter organizations in addition to the British and French's charter status. In essence, this trichotomy has been accepted as the correct approach to talking about the nature and makeup of Canada's population diversity.
Migration and Economy in Canada
Migration
In Canada, migrants are common. Its migration intensity is among the greatest of any nation in the world (second only to Australia). More than a quarter of a million permanent residents and more than three-quarters of a million temporary residents entered Canada in 2019. Migration patterns to Canada have drastically changed in recent years. Temporary migration has increased significantly over the past ten years, but permanent migration has remained relatively stable. Particularly, temporary foreign worker migration has increased by four times between 2000 and 2019, with a slight decline in 2015. Asian nations, particularly those from South Asia and South East Asia, are the ones that are sending immigrants to Canada at the quickest rates. In particular, India (29%), China (12%), and the Philippines (4%), which together account for nearly a third of all arriving residents to Canada, were the top three countries from which new immigrants came to Canada in 2019.
The greatest source of temporary migration to Canada, accounting for 400,995 temporary residents in 2019, is Canada's foreign student programs. Furthermore, the large growth in the number of foreign students from low- and middle-income countries is almost entirely to blame for the rise in temporary migrants to Canada. The most notable example is India, where the number of international students increased more than eighty times between 2000 and 2019.
Ontario (44.2%), British Columbia (18.4%), and Quebec (14.0%) are the provinces in Canada that welcome the most immigrants, accounting for over 77% of all immigrants to the country. Large universities in Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec may make these provinces the preferred destinations for large numbers of entering international students, despite disparities in temporary and permanent migration to provinces and territories being mostly inconsequential for other provinces.
Economy
The economy of Canada is both varied and advanced. The United States is by far the greatest trading partner and accounts for about 45% of the country's GDP. On the expenditure side, gross fixed capital formation (22 percent), household consumption (58 percent), and government spending (22 percent) make up the majority of GDP (19 percent). 32 percent of GDP is made up of exports of goods and services, whereas 33 percent is made up of imports, deducting 1 percent from the GDP total. The remaining 2% comes from non-profit organizations that support household final consumption spending and inventory investment.
The COVID-19 situation has essentially been resolved for Canada's economy. The domestic demand is increasing now that the containment restrictions have been relaxed. As a result of the demand for commodities and the shocks to global GDP, exports are anticipated to expand. Canada is protected from broader economic effects by its few trade ties to nations that have been severely impacted by the conflict in Ukraine and income from high resource prices. It is predicted that real GDP will increase by 3.8% in 2022 and 2.6% in 2023. As output increases slightly over potential, unemployment will stay low. This year, price increases will remain strong due to global supply issues, which will exacerbate inflationary pressures already present.
In the three months before June 2022, Canada's GDP increased by 0.8 percent every quarter, matching the growth rate from the prior quarter and making it four straight quarters of growth. The largest contributor to growth, as evidenced in both non-farm and farming inventory investments, was the accumulation of commercial inventories. Household spending on semi-durable products (5.6 percent) and services contributed significantly to the increase in final consumption expenditure, which increased by 1.7 percent (3.9 percent). However, net foreign demand hurt real GDP growth as imports significantly increased (6.9 percent), outpacing exporters' modest recovery (2.6 percent). The economy grew by 3.3 percent on an annualized basis, falling short of forecasts for a 4.4 percent growth. data from Statistics Canada
The economy of Canada is both varied and advanced. The United States is by far the greatest trading partner and accounts for about 45% of the country's GDP. On the expenditure side, gross fixed capital formation (22 percent), household consumption (58 percent), and government spending (22 percent) make up the majority of GDP (19 percent). 32 percent of GDP is made up of exports of goods and services, whereas 33 percent is made up of imports, deducting 1 percent from the GDP total. The remaining 2% comes from non-profit organizations that support household final consumption spending and inventory investment.